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Michelle Bender

Legal Consultant | Head of Ocean Rights Department

“It is time to realign Ocean governance with the reality that the Ocean is not just a resource but our source of life. The Ocean is a dynamic, interconnected and living system with intrinsic value, regardless of human benefit and utility. Ocean Rights stands at the convergence of Western science and Indigenous knowledge, offering a way forward that is both legally robust and ethically grounded.”

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Michelle Bender’s work focuses on advancing ecocentric and rights-based approaches in Ocean governance, challenging the status quo of Western legal systems. Michelle is not only a leading expert in Rights of Nature (RoN), but is the creator, organiser, and leading visionary behind Ocean Rights - the application of RoN in the Ocean policy seascape.

As the Head of the Ocean Rights Department, Michelle plays a key role in Ocean Vision Legal’s strategic legal thinking, advising on international legal frameworks and building bridges between law, science, and Indigenous knowledge systems.

She has helped draft RoN laws and policies worldwide, including in the United States, Panama, the Philippines, the Pacific and within international law and institutions. 

Michelle also specialises in sea otter conservation and marine mammal protection in the United States.

Memberships & other Roles

  • Steering Committee, UN Ocean Decade Coordinating Office on Connecting People and the Ocean (2024-present)

  • Advisory Board (previously Executive Committee) for the Global Alliance for the Rights of Nature (GARN, 2018- present)

  • Member of the IUCN's World Commission on Environmental Law (WCEL, 2017-present)

  • Named as one of 15 Youth Ocean Leaders taking on the world internationally by the Sustainable Ocean Alliance (SOA, 2018)

Qualifications

  • Master’s in Environmental Law and Policy, Vermont Law School (summa cum laude)

  • B.S. in Biology with a Marine Emphasis, Western Washington University

Examples of Legal Work

  • Developed a robust legal assessment for the initiative to advance legal personhood for Whales in the Pacific and provided input to the He Whakaputanga Moana (Declaration for the Ocean 2024). Currently contributing to the development of a comprehensive legal strategy and draft model bills in partnership with Pacific Whale Fund and Simmons & Simmons.

  • In collaboration with the Ministry of the Environment of the Republic of Panama, drafted a motion "Advancing and Ethical human-Ocean relationship” to the 2025 IUCN World Conservation Congress (accepted and pending vote).

  • Led drafting and strategy of ‘We are the Ocean and the Ocean is Us: Underpinning Principles of Ocean Rights’ and the 2023 Omnibus Resolution on Oceans and Law of the Sea Proposal to initiate dialogue on Ocean Rights led by Cabo Verde and Monaco. Strategically and legally guiding the initiative towards a Universal Declaration of Ocean Rights, identified in 2023 as 1 of 5 gamechanger movements for the Ocean

  • Created (and maintaining) the Ocean Rights Movement website, to serve as the central hub for Ocean Rights resources, collaboration and advocacy (to be launched Spring 2025).

  • Assisted with campaign strategy and development, and legal drafting, for specific Rights of Nature initiatives including: the Rights of the Southern Resident Orcas in Washington State, USA, national law in the Philippines, Aruba’s proposed constitutional amendment, the rights of sea turtles in Panama and more.

  • Developed a guideline for the incorporation of Rights of Nature into marine protected area governance.

  • Developed and coordinated comment letters regarding the recovery of the southern sea otter and threats to delisting.

  • Assisted with amicus brief preparation for successful federal court litigation on US Marine Mammal Protection Act public display criteria (a case featured in the documentary Born to be Free).

  • Coordinated and co-drafted a legal assessment on alternative legal pathways to address the threat of Deep-seabed mining.

  • Explored and presented ‘Opportunities for Aquariums to Address Plastic Pollution.’

Publications

Speeches and presentations

Personal

Based in Washington State, Michelle spends her free time outside, backpacking, hiking, and paddleboarding with her pomeranian Oliver and partner. She enjoys nature photography and mentoring young professionals. 

Check out more publications, lectures, and videos on our
YouTube channel

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